**Overview of the Destination: Mecca, Saudi Arabia**

Mecca, also known as Makkah, is a city in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia. It is the birthplace of Muhammad and the site of Muhammad’s first revelation of the Quran, making it the holiest city in the religion of Islam. Every year, millions of Muslims perform the Hajj pilgrimage, a journey that every able-bodied Muslim is expected to make at least once in their lifetime if they can afford it. Besides its religious significance, Mecca offers a blend of rich history, culture, and vibrant local life that makes it an interesting place to visit, even for non-Muslims.

**Best Time to Visit**

Due to the extreme heat of the summer, the best time to visit Mecca is between November and March when the weather is mild with temperatures ranging from 18°C to 30°C. It is also worth noting that the city experiences a huge influx of pilgrims during the Hajj period (usually falls between July to September) and the month of Ramadan. Non-Muslims should avoid these periods due to crowd intensity and because non-Muslims are not permitted in Mecca during Hajj.

**Climate & What to Pack**

The climate in Mecca is typically hot and arid, with temperatures reaching up to 45°C in the summer. Dressing modestly is crucial due to the religious and cultural practices of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, it is recommended to pack lightweight long-sleeved clothing and headscarves for women as well as hats to protect against the sun.

**Getting There**

The nearest major airport is King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah, approximately 100km from Mecca. There are regular buses, taxis, and private car services from the airport to Mecca. It’s important to note that all visitors to Saudi Arabia must have a visa unless they come from one of the visa-exempt countries.

**Getting Around Locally**

Public transport includes taxis, buses, and the Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line. The city is not very pedestrian-friendly due to the desert heat and vast distances between sights. Car rental services are also available, but it’s important to note that driving can be challenging due to heavy traffic, especially during the pilgrimage season.

**Safety Tips**

Mecca is generally safe for both solo and group travelers. However, as with any travel destination, it’s important to remain aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded places. Take care to respect local customs and dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention. Avoid displaying expensive items openly and always ensure your personal belongings are secure.

**Top Things to Do & See**

The Kaaba, located in the Masjid Al-Haram, is a must-see attraction. Other sights include the Abraj Al-Bait Towers, which host a handful of luxury hotels, restaurants, and malls; and the Museum of the Two Holy Mosques. Mount Arafat, where Muhammad gave his last sermon, is also a significant place to visit.

**Where to Stay**

From luxury options like the Raffles Makkah Palace and the Swissotel Makkah, to budget accommodations like Nawazi Watheer Hotel, Mecca has something to fit every budget. Most hotels are situated near the Grand Mosque for easy access.

**Food & Local Cuisine**

Saudi Arabian cuisine offers a variety of dishes shaped by its nomadic culture. Don’t miss trying Mandi (meat and rice cooked in a tandoor), Mutabbaq (a stuffed pancake), and Kunafa (a dessert made with cheese and sugar syrup).

**Cultural & Practical Tips**

The official currency is the Saudi Riyal. Arabic is the main language spoken but English is widely understood. Tipping is not a common practice but is appreciated. Plugs are type C, D, and G, and the standard voltage is 220 V. Free Wi-Fi is typically available in hotels and some cafes.

**Sustainable or Responsible Travel Tips**

Respect the local customs and culture, especially during religious events. It’s important to note that photography isn’t permitted in certain religious sites. And remember, littering is frowned upon and can come with heavy fines.

**A Personal Travel Tip**

Be prepared for the spiritual intensity of Mecca. Regardless of your own belief system, the overwhelming devotion displayed by millions of believers is universally touching. Make sure to carry a travel journal —it’s a journey you’ll likely want to remember in detail.